Expected jobs from Direct and Indirect sources

Estimate direct and indirect jobs per project

Estimating direct and indirect jobs per project in heavy industry can generally follow these guidelines based on job creation studies and industry multipliers:

- Direct jobs are those created within the project itself, such as production line workers, engineers, technicians, and support staff employed by the project.
- Indirect jobs arise in the supply chain and supporting industries — for example, jobs in steel suppliers, logistics, services, and equipment manufacturing that support the main project.

From job impact analysis in similar industrial sectors, indirect jobs typically range from 1.5 to 2 times the number of direct jobs, meaning total employment impact (direct + indirect) is around 2.5 to 3 times the direct employment.

Applying this to the Odisha heavy industry projects with known direct employment:

| Project | Direct Jobs | Estimated Indirect Jobs (1.5x direct) | Estimated Total Jobs (Direct + Indirect) |
|------------------------------------------------|--------------|----------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| Jindal Steel and Power (Angul) | 24,350 | ~36,525 | ~60,875 |
| Jindal Stainless (Kalinganagar, Jajpur) | 2,236 | ~3,354 | ~5,590 |
| Essar Minmet (Keonjhar & Paradip) | 1,468 | ~2,202 | ~3,670 |
| ArcelorMittal Nippon Steel (Keonjhar & Paradip)| 655 | ~983 | ~1,638 |
| Shyam Metalics and Energy (Sambalpur) | 3,270 | ~4,905 | ~8,175 |
| Galax Industries (Khurdha) | 310 | ~465 | ~775 |
| Envirocare Pellet Plant (Sundergarh) | 195 | ~293 | ~488 |
| Envirocare Slurry Pipeline Project | 68 | ~102 | ~170 |
| Fomento Group (Bhadrakh) | 700 | ~1,050 | ~1,750 |
| Rungta Mines Limited (Dhenkanal) | 290 | ~435 | ~725 |

This approach provides a reasoned estimate of total employment impact combining direct and indirect jobs per project, reflecting the broader economic effects these heavy industry projects generate in Odisha [1][3][4][8].

Citations:
[1] ASSESSING EMPLOYMENT GENERATION https://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/NIPFP_Report_Final.pdf
[2] How to Measure Job Creation in Development Projects https://idbinvest.org/en/blog/development-impact/how-measure-job-creation-development-projects
[3] What is the difference between direct jobs and indirect jobs ... https://www.eb5investors.com/qa/what-is-the-difference-between-direct-jobs-and-indirect-jobs-in-eb5/
[4] Estimating the Job Creation Impact of ... https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/850336/job-creation-impact-development-assistance.pdf
[5] TABLE 1. ESTIMATED DIRECT AND INDIRECT JOBS IN ... https://www.eqmagpro.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/IRENA_RE_Jobs_2020_compressed-21-30.pdf
[6] Indirect Jobs Measurement https://www.jobsanddevelopment.org/indirect-jobs-measurement/
[7] Direct vs Indirect Costs in Construction https://www.deltek.com/en/construction/accounting/job-costing/direct-cost-vs-indirect-cost
[8] Employment Direct Indirect And Induced https://www.sejplatform.org/Key-concepts/Employment-Direct-Indirect-And-Induced
[9] Direct, indirect, and induced employment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct,_indirect,_and_induced_employment